{"id":2641,"date":"2015-10-16T17:01:10","date_gmt":"2015-10-16T15:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.museo.1896.it\/en\/?page_id=2641"},"modified":"2023-03-17T11:38:40","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T10:38:40","slug":"scientists-portraits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/","title":{"rendered":"SCIENTISTS PORTRAITS"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”section” module_class=”ppzero” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ custom_padding_phone=”” transparent_background=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/farmacia-giuseppucci-soffitto1.jpg” alt=”Wooden sculptures and wood carved scientists portraits on the Mazzolini Giuseppucci pharmacy’s furnitures” title_text=”Wooden sculptures and wood carved scientists portraits on the Mazzolini Giuseppucci pharmacy’s furnitures” admin_label=”Immagine a Larghezza Intera” _builder_version=”4.16″ animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_duration=”500ms” animation_intensity_slide=”10%” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” animation=”left” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”0|||” custom_padding_tablet=”0|||” transparent_background=”off” padding_mobile=”on” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title meta=”off” featured_image=”off” admin_label=”Titolo Post a Larghezza Intera” module_class=”titolo_page” _builder_version=”4.16″ title_font_size=”35px” title_all_caps=”off” background_color=”#e1dad1″ parallax=”on” parallax_method=”off” custom_css_before=” padding: 0!important;||” custom_css_main_element=” font-family: ‘Cinzel’, serif!important;|| font-weight: 400!important;||text-transform: lowercase !important;|| padding: 20px 0 !important;” custom_css_after=” padding: 0!important;” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” parallax_effect=”on” module_bg_color=”#e1dad1″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”10px||10px|” custom_padding_tablet=”10px||10px|” transparent_background=”off” padding_mobile=”on” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”15px||||false|false” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_code admin_label=”breadcrumbs” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”||15px|” custom_padding=”||0px|” custom_css_main_element=”font-size:15px;” global_colors_info=”{}”]HOME<\/a><\/span><\/span>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

PORTRAITS OF THE SCIENTISTS<\/h2>\n

The furnishings of the historical Mazzolini Giuseppucci pharmacy tell us the story of the scientific and technologic development during the XVIII and the XIX centuries, through the allegoric representation of discoveries, lab instruments and twenty five faithful portraits of famous scientists.<\/p>\n

The portraits are arranged in two levels. They are made using different techniques based on the copies in circulation in those days.<\/p>\n

In the foreground, on the pinnacle of the credenzas, fifteen well rounded busts resemble the faces of Amedeo Avogadro, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Stanislao Cannizzaro, Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday, Benjamin Franklin, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard, Raffaele Piria, Arnaldo Piutti, Sebastiano Purgotti, Victor Regnault, Wilhelm Konrad R\u00f6ntgen, Francesco Selmi and Alessandro Volta.<\/p>\n

On the wooden ceiling, in a symbolic position and in bas-relief carved tondos, you can find the portraits of ten European renowed physicians and pharmacists: Pietro Albertoni, Giovanni Campani, Arnaldo Cantani, August Wilhelm von Hofmann, Mathieu-Joseph-Bonaventura Orfila, Giuseppe Orosi, Silvio Plevani, Nestore Prota Giurleo, Francesco Ratti e Dioscoride Vitali.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”1px||1px|” custom_padding_tablet=”1px||1px|” transparent_background=”off” padding_mobile=”on” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/01-PIETRO-ALBERTONI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Pietro Albertoni” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Pietro Albertoni” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – PIETRO ALBERTONI” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]PIETRO ALBERTONI<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Gazoldo degli Ippoliti 1849 \u2013 Bologna 1933)<\/p>\n

Graduated in Medicine in Padua and specialized in Physiology. He was a forerunner of forensic medicine and social physiology. In 1833, Albertoni together with Guareschi (a chemist) founded the publication \u201cChemical and Pharmacology Annals\u201d which soon became the pre-eminent pharmacological and medical chemistry magazine.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/02-AMEDEO-AVOGADRO-DI-QUAREGNA.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro of Quaregna” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro of Quaregna” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/amedeo-avogadro-di-quaregna\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – AMEDEO AVOGADRO DI QUAREGNA” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.19.4″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ hover_enabled=”0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]AMEDEO AVOGADRO DI QUAREGNA<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Torino 1776 – 1856)<\/p>\n

Accomplished in mathematics and physics (in particular specialized in atoms and molecules), he held several important public positions. In 1811, he formulated the famous Avogadro’s Law on the composition of molecular elements. He hypothesized that a molecular element could contain several atoms and that two equal volumes of gas contain the same number of molecules. In 1841, he published his work in \u201cFisica dei corpi ponderabili, ossia Trattato della costituzione materiale de’ corpi\u201d<\/em>.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/03-CLAUDE-LOUIS-BERTHOLLET.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Claude Louis Berthollet” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Claude Louis Berthollet” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/claude-louis-berthollet\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – CLAUDE-LOUIS BERTHOLLET” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]CLAUDE-LOUIS BERTHOLLET<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Talloire – 1748 Arcueil 1822)<\/p>\n

Founder of contemporary chemistry and physics, he graduated from Turin University in Medicine, in 1770. Immediately afterwards he moved to Paris where he met Lavoiser and worked with him on the publishing \u201cM\u00e9thode de nomenclature chimique\u201d<\/em> in 1787. In 1791, Berthollet published \u201cEl\u00e9ments de l\u2019art de la teinture\u201d<\/em>, the most complete work on the chemistry of dyes of the time.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/04-GIOVANNI-CAMPANI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Giovanni Campani” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Giovanni Campani” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – GIOVANNI CAMPANI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]GIOVANNI CAMPANI<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Siena 1820-91)<\/p>\n

Professor of Pharmacology in Florence and Professor of Botanical and Natural Science at the University of Siena, where in 1860 he created the first Herbarium. In Siena, he directed the Museum of Natural History and the Botanical garden. In 1861, Campani founded the Academy of Physiocrats of Siena and in 1867 he completed the first catalogue for their mineral collection.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/05-STANISLAO-CANNIZZARO.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Stanislao Cannizzaro” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Stanislao Cannizzaro” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/stanislao-cannizzaro\/%20″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – STANISLAO CANNIZZARO” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]STANISLAO CANNIZZARO <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Palermo 1826 \u2013 Roma 1910)<\/p>\n

In his youth, Cannizzaro was an exemplary assistant chemist in Raffaele Piria’s laboratory at the University of Pisa. His contribution to the history of science is universally recognized. Following proven methodology and with Galilean insight, he discovered the atomic weights of the elements, enabling the atomic theory to become the foundation of chemistry, both organic and inorganic. A maestro, even by the standards of his illustrious generation of chemists, Cannizzaro was an academic of the Linceam Academy of France.
\nFrom 1901 until his death, he was president of the National Academy of Science, also known as XL.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/06-ARNALDO-CANTANI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Arnaldo Cantani” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Arnaldo Cantani” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – ARNALDO CANTANI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]ARNALDO CANTANI<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Hainsbach 1837 \u2013 Napoli 1893)<\/p>\n

A graduate in Medicine from the University of Prague, Cantani was passionate about natural science. In Italy, he taught at the Universities of Pavia, Milan and Naples. He was a fierce promoter of \u201cpositivism in medicine\u201d and a vocal advocate of the need for experimental observation when studying pathologies.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/07-HUMPHRY-DAVY.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of british scientist Humphry Davy” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of british scientist Humphry Davy” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/humphry-davy\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – HUMPHRY DAVY ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]HUMPHRY DAVY<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Penzance 1778 \u2013 Ginevra 1829)<\/p>\n

At the Medical Pneumatic Institution in Bristol<\/em>, Davy stood out for his studies on Nitric oxide, discovering the physiological effects of Nitrous oxide. He is recognized as the founder of electro chemistry as he was the first to isolate the alkaline metals and subsequently other elements, using an electrolytic system. Furthermore he proved that diamonds are indeed made of pure carbon and from 1820 to 1827, he was president of the \u201cRoyal Chemical Society\u201d in London.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/08-MICHAEL-FARADAY.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of british scientist Michael Faraday” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of british scientist Michael Faraday” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/michael-faraday\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – MICHAEL FARADAY ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]MICHAEL FARADAY<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Newington Butts 1791 \u2013 Hampton Court 1867)<\/p>\n

British chemist and physicist, in 1812 Faraday attended lectures by the eminent English chemist Humphry Davy and later became Mr Davy’s assistant. Faraday was the most distinguished experimental scientist of his time, achieving noteworthy results in the fields of electricity and magnetism. His inventions laid the foundation for the development of both generators (dynamos and alternators) and electrical motors.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/09-BENJAMIN-FRANKLIN.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of american scientist Benjamin Franklin” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of american scientist Benjamin Franklin” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/benjamin-franklin\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – BENJAMIN FRANKLIN” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]BENJAMIN FRANKLIN<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Boston 1706 \u2013 Filadelfia 1790)<\/p>\n

Both a scientist and a man of letters, Franklin founded the prestigious American Philosophical Society. Amongst the many discoveries of his prodigious research, the most famous is the demonstration that lightning is simply a form of electricity. In particular, he conducted an experiment where a kite was flown during a storm to collect electrical charges from the storm clouds (so called \u201cflying electrical deer\u201d) which led to the invention of the lighting rod in 1752.
\nDue to his important political science writings, Franklin is considered the theorizer of the United States of America as a whole.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/10-AUGUST-WILHELM-VON-HOFMANN.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of german scientist August Wilhelm von Hofmann” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of german scientist August Wilhelm von Hofmann” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – AUGUST WILHELM VON HOFMANN” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]AUGUST WILHELM VON HOFMANN<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Giessen 1818 \u2013 Berlin 1892)<\/p>\n

A researcher in organic chemistry, he studied under Justus von Liebig and later became his assistant. From 1861 to 1863, he was member of the Royal Chemical Society of London. Once back in Germany, he founded the \u201cDeutsche Chemische Gesellschaft\u201d which was a fundamental institution for the reform of the European chemistry industry and changing the role of the chemist.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/11-ANTOINE-LAURENT-LAVOISIER.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/antoine-laurent-lavoisier\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – ANTOINE-LAURENT LAVOISIER ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]ANTOINE-LAURENT LAVOISIER <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Paris 1743-94)<\/p>\n

Despite being enrolled in Law he studied chemistry and natural science and is considered as the founder of modern chemistry. He postulated that the phlogiston theory was in fact wrong (that as the Earth is combustible therefore all other bodies were combustible). Lavoisier recognized the composition of air and discovered the role of oxygen in combustion, postulating the laws of conservation of mass and conservation of elements. His contribution to the creation of a systematic chemical nomenclature was fundamental.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/12-PHILIPP-EDUARD-ANTON-VON-LENARD.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of german scientist Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of german scientist Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/philipp-eduard-anton-von-lenard\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON VON LENARD ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON VON LENARD<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Presburgo 1862 \u2013 Messelhausen 1947)<\/p>\n

A German physicist, he taught theoretical and experimental physics at Heidelberg and was the winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize for Physics for his research on cathode rays. He worked on the theory of phosphorescence and the measurement of magnetic fields using electrical resistance. A fierce nationalist, he was Hitler’s main scientific advisor during the Nazi years.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/13-MATHIEU-JOSEPH-BONAVENTURE-ORFILA.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of spanish scientist Mathieu Jos\u00e9 Bonaventura Orfila” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of spanish scientist Mathieu Jos\u00e9 Bonaventura Orfila” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – MATHIEU-JOSEPH-BONAVENTURE ORFILA ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]MATHIEU-JOSEPH-BONAVENTURE ORFILA<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Mahon 1787 \u2013 Paris 1853)<\/p>\n

Both a doctor and a chemist, he studied in Valencia, Barcelona, Madrid and Paris. Due to the important research he conducted in the field, he is considered the founder of modern toxicology. After several years of teaching in Paris as the Dean of the University, he implemented several important reforms for the Medical School.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/14-GIUSEPPE-OROSI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Giuseppe Orosi” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Giuseppe Orosi” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – GIUSEPPE OROSI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]GIUSEPPE OROSI<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Pisa 1816 \u2013 Livorno 1875)<\/p>\n

While Orosi was a renowned chemist for his practical and experimental capacity, his publications also show a theoretical commitment to his empirical approach. He graduated from Pisa University and after participating in the 1848 unrest, he was appointed Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Florence. In 1860, he taught at the University of Pisa where he established a chemistry laboratory.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/15-RAFFAELE-PIRIA.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Raffaele Piria” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Raffaele Piria” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/raffaele-piria\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – RAFFAELE PIRIA ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]RAFFAELE PIRIA<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Scilla di Calabria 1814 \u2013 Turin, 1865)<\/p>\n

A Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pisa and founder of both \u201cAntologia di scienze naturali\u201d and \u201cNuovo Cimento\u201d, some of the most important scientific publications in Italy. A maestro, even in a generation of pre-eminent scholars, his laboratory was a training ground for both the study and application of experimental methods. His commitment in the creation of the Italian chemical program was fundamental.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/16-ARNALDO-PIUTTI.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Arnaldo Piutti” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Arnaldo Piutti” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/arnaldo-piutti\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – ARNALDO PIUTTI ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]ARNALDO PIUTTI<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Cividale del Friuli 1857 \u2013 Conegliano 1928)<\/p>\n

A student of Ugo Schiff, he specialized in organic chemistry and distinguished himself in the study of asparagine. He taught at the University of Sassari and Naples, in the latter he founded the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry which became a key centre of experimental research in Italy.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/17-SILVIO-PLEVANI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Silvio Plevani” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Silvio Plevani” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – SILVIO PLEVANI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]SILVIO PLEVANI <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Iseo 1853 \u2013 Pontevico 1905)<\/p>\n

A graduate of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Pavia, he was a pharmacist in Brescia and Milan. He became an inspector of the Fatebenefratelli Hospital’s pharmacies. In Milan he also directed a chemical analysis laboratory, concentrating his studies on enological applications.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/18-NESTORE-PROTA-GIURLEO-.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Nestore Prota-Giurleo” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Nestore Prota-Giurleo” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – NESTORE PROTA GIURLEO ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]NESTORE PROTA GIURLEO <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Caulonia 1831 \u2013 Napoli 1896)<\/p>\n

He studied in Naples where he opened a pharmacy. As a pharmacist and a chemist he was known for his rigorous experimental approach. His laboratory was a fulcrum for practical experience in pharmaceuticals for many graduates in the south of Italy. He was Professor of Chemistry and Natural Science, as well as director of the \u201cIl Farmacista Italiano ed il Medico Pratico\u201d and \u201cIl Piria\u201d magazines. He also invented a device called a Termoleimeter for adulterated oil.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/19-SEBASTIANO-PURGOTTI-.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Sebastiano Purgotti” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Sebastiano Purgotti” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/sebastiano-purgotti\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – SEBASTIANO PURGOTTI ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]SEBASTIANO PURGOTTI <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Cagli 1799 \u2013 Perugia 1879)<\/p>\n

He both studied and taught at the University of Perugia for many years and is considered one the greatest chemistry theorists, teachers and experimenters ever. He was a pioneer in the atomic theory and in the research on hydrology and was also the author of one of the most important chemical treatise of the 1800’s. His work in rationalizing several contemporary physical and chemical theories based in his experimental studies was fundamental.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/20-FRANCESCO-RATTI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Francesco Ratti” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Francesco Ratti” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – FRANCESCO RATTI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]FRANCESCO RATTI <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”||0|” custom_padding=”||0|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](m. Roma 1886)<\/p>\n

Ratti was a pharmacologist and a chemist. For 20 years he was the only professor of Chemistry at the University of Rome “La Sapienza” where in 1872 he was replaced by Stanislao Cannizzaro, one of his fiercest critics. In 1879 he became the President of the Rome Committee for the Reform of the Hospitals for the Poor. He was then nominated Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry from 1881 until 1886 and President of the National Institute of Health.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/21-VICTOR-REGNAULT.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Henri Victor Regnault” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of french scientist Henri Victor Regnault” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/victor-regnault\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – VICTOR REGNAULT ” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]VICTOR REGNAULT <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Aix-la-Chapelle 1810 \u2013 Ginevra 1878)<\/p>\n

A chemist and undisputed master of French experimental physic, Regnault replaced Gay-Lussac as Professor of Chemistry at the \u201c\u00c9cole polytechinique\u201d<\/em> in Paris and then in 1840 he became a member of the \u201cAcad\u00e9mie des Sciences\u201d<\/em>. He was a pioneer in photography and designed a calorimeter named after him. Regnault carried on relentless research and experimental activities regarding the application of many mathematical principles.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/22-WILHELM-KONRAD-RONTGEN.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of german scientist Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of german scientist Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/wilhelm-conrad-rontgen\/%20″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – WILHELM KONRAD R\u00d6NTGEN” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]WILHELM KONRAD R\u00d6NTGEN<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Lennep 1845 \u2013 Monaco 1923)<\/p>\n

He graduated in Zurich and became Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Wurzburg. In 1895 he accidentally discovered the existence of x-rays, during an experiment on cathode ray tubes where he detected the property of x-rays of passing through electrical and magnetic fields without any deviation. But the most interesting aspect of his discovery was linked to the application of x-rays in diagnostics due to the property of differing rates of absorption by various organic tissues. In recognition of these discoveries, he received the Rumfold Medal in 1896 from the Royal Chemical Society of London and then the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/23-FRANCESCO-SELMI.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Francesco Selmi” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Francesco Selmi” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/francesco-selmi\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – Francesco-Selmi” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]FRANCESCO SELMI <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Vignola 1817-1881)<\/p>\n

He studied chemistry at the University of Modena and due to the important research on toxicology, Selmi is considered the founder of colloid chemistry. His political activism in favour of the Unification of Italy barred him from teaching in Italian universities for many years and only after the Unification of Italy was he nominated Professor of Chemistry at the University of Bologna.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/24-DIOSCORIDE-VITALI.jpg” alt=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Dioscoride Vitali” title_text=”Wood carved portrait of italian scientist Dioscoride Vitali” show_in_lightbox=”on” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Immagine – DIOSCORIDE VITALI ” module_class=”tndistancia” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]DIOSCORIDE VITALI <\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Cortemaggiore 1832 \u2013 Venezia 1917)<\/p>\n

Vitale studied pharmacy in Piacenza and in 1856, he moved to Turin where he worked in a pharmacy and attended classes by Raffaele Piria. For many years he directed the \u201cBollettino Chimico Farmaceutico\u201d in Milan and he was one of the contributors to the Official Italian Pharmacopoeia, published in 1892.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”section” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/25-ALESSANDRO-VOLTA.jpg” alt=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Alessandro Volta” title_text=”Wooden half-bust of italian scientist Alessandro Volta” url=”https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/alessandro-volta\/” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”3D – Alessandro Volta” module_class=”linkestilo” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_margin=”0|0|20px|0″ use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” sticky=”off” always_center_on_mobile=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#808080″ admin_label=”Modulo Separatore” module_class=”vinte_img” _builder_version=”4.16″ hide_on_mobile=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Titolo” module_class=”trzeimg” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_margin=”0|0|0|0″ custom_padding=”10px||5px|” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]ALESSANDRO VOLTA<\/strong>
\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Testo” module_class=”espacobaixo” _builder_version=”4.16″ text_font_size=”18″ text_line_height=”1.5em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”](Como 1745-1827)<\/p>\n

Volta was an Italian physicist, renowned for his research on electricity and the chemistry of gases. He invented the electrophorus and the condenser electroscope. In 1800, his research and experiments on organic electricity led him to devise the battery, the first electrical generator ever which opened the way for the development of electrochemical reactions
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Sezione” module_class=”topo_70″ _builder_version=”3.22″ background_color=”#ebe9e7″ custom_padding_tablet=”50px|0|50px|0″ custom_padding_phone=”” custom_css_main_element=”padding: 20px 0px;” transparent_background=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” global_module=”3043″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}” column_structure=”1_2,1_2″][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ text_text_color=”#666666″ text_font_size=”18″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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MAZZOLINI GIUSEPPUCCI PHARMACY MUSEUM
SHOP NATURAL COSMETICS<\/a><\/p>\n

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HOME<\/a><\/span><\/span>PORTRAITS OF THE SCIENTISTS The furnishings of the historical Mazzolini Giuseppucci pharmacy tell us the story of the scientific and technologic development during the XVIII and the XIX centuries, through the allegoric representation of discoveries, lab instruments and twenty five faithful portraits of famous scientists. The portraits are arranged in two levels. They are made […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2641","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSCIENTISTS PORTRAITS - Mazzolini Giuseppucci Pharmacy Museum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The furnishings tell the story of the scientific and technologic development during XVII and XVIII c. also through twentyfive famous scientists portraits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SCIENTISTS PORTRAITS - Mazzolini Giuseppucci Pharmacy Museum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The furnishings tell the story of the scientific and technologic development during XVII and XVIII c. also through twentyfive famous scientists portraits.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/museo.1896.it\/en\/scientists-portraits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Museo Farmacia Mazzolini Giuseppucci\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-17T10:38:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"22 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.1896.it\\\/en\\\/scientists-portraits\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/museo.1896.it\\\/en\\\/scientists-portraits\\\/\",\"name\":\"SCIENTISTS PORTRAITS - 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